Over the past few decades, MSCs have emerged as the most clinically studied experimental cell therapy, with significant advances achieved in their development as a promising solution for addressing a wide range of unrelated diseases [117]. However, concerns have been raised regarding the fate of these infused therapeutic cells, which have received considerable attention under in vivo conditions, with the finding that MSCs are therapeutically effective despite the lack of engraftment [58, 118]. According to data, the survival of MSCs following transplantation could be affected by the response of the host [119, 120]. Moreover, it is worth noting that research has indicated that MSCs survival rates also increase under conditions of oxidation, heat stress, hypoxia, and nutrient deprivation [121].